Chemistry 12






Solution

Solubility terms

Solute - a substance that is dissolved in a solvent

Soluble - having high solubility

Solvent - medium in which a solute is dissolved; usually the liquid component of the solution

Solution - a homogeneous mixture of dissolved; usually the liquid component of the solution

Solubility - concentration of a saturated solution of a solute in a solvent

Saturated solution - a solution that is in equilibrium with undissolved solute and \contains the macimum amount of dissolved solute at specified conditions.

Filtration - the process of separating a low-solubility solid from a liquid using a filter

Filtrate - the solution that flows through a filter paper

Concentration - the ration of the quantity of solute to the quantity of solution or solvent

Concentrated solution - a nomogeneous mixture with a relatively high ratio of solute to solution; e.g. a saturated solution

Dilute solution - a homogeneous mixing of one substance with other

Dilution - the process of one substance with another

unssturated solution -
supersaturated solution - more than maximum

Molar concentration - [C] the amount of solute (in moles) in one little of solution

Molar solubility - [C] the molar concentration of a sturated solution

Electrolytes - a solute that forms a solution that conducts an electric curvent; a substance that ionized in water to form individual ions

Nonelectrolytes - a solute that dorms a solution that does not conduct an electric curvent; a substanve that does not produce ion in solution.

Dissoliation - the separation of an ionic compound into individual ions in a soluvent

Spectatorions -






Dilution

When a solution is diluted, made soluvent is added but the amount of solute is unchanged.


How would you diltes 20 ml of 2M HCl to .5M?

Since V2 = 80mL you must substanct V1 from it: 80mL-20mL =60mL.
You must add 60mL of H2O to 20 mL of 2M to make a 0.5 solution.



Equations:

Decomposition of NaCl

2NaCl(s) ¨ 2Na(l) + Cl2(g)

Dissoliation of NaCl in water

1M ¨ 1M + 1M
NaCl(s) ¨Na+(eq) + Cl-(eq)

Melting of NaCl

NaCl(s) ¨ NaCl(l)

Disoluving of sugar C6 H12O6(eq)

C6 H12O6(s) ¨ C6 H12O6(eq)
Dissolve but does not ionize



Chemical Equition

NaCl(eq) + AgNO3(eq) ¨ NaNO3(eq) + AgCl(s)

Complete Ionic Equition

Na+ + Cl- + Ag+ + NO3-@¨ Na+ + NO3- + AgCl(s)

Net

Ag(eq)+ + Cl(eq)-@Μ AgCl(s)

Μ = equilibrium




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